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First news related to Nuraghe Mannu came
from from A.Taramelli who in 1927 first explored this site. The area,
rich in a large quantity of perfectly worked, square, basalt stones is
characterized by the "nuraghe" which, despite the name,
("mannu" means large in Sardinian language) is a mono-tower
building of modest dimensions, built with big basalt rocks laid in
irregular rows. It is positioned beside the Codula of Fuili canyon,
and could have been used as an extremely important sighting point,
looking out to and communicating with other towers over the whole Gulf
of Orosei. The east facing entrance is surmounted by an irregular
lintel above which two rows of blocks are preserved. Above this lies a
little window-hole for unloading. A corridor covered by flat rocks leads
to the room, of elliptical form, that preserves two big raised niches.
In the passage there is a staircase with a winding course that leaded to
the terrace . Around the "nuraghe" there is a
vast village occupying several hectares. This is mostly covered by
collapsed walls, by scrub and by thick bushes of "lentisco",
its roots deeply buried amongst the buildings’ foundations. In 1933, by giving an account of his
sightings in the Dorgalese territory, A.Taramelli highlighted the
presence of blocks of stone amongst the structures built during ancient
Roman times. According to this scholar, these Roman dwellings were
constructed with architectural elements of ancient "Protosardi"
buildings which had been used for religious ceremonies, and had risen in
the proximities of the inhabited area. The finding of some blocks of
basalt with geometric shapes engraved on the main side of the blocks,
gave further proof to the archaeologist on the presence of original
places of cult, which could somehow be compared with the decorative and
building techniques that he had found in other places in Sardinia which
he had previously excavated: see Sardara, Serri, Bonorva and Nuragus. The rectangular and square buildings
explored by Taramelli were at first thought to be for military use, from
which soldiers were able to check the coast-line and possible landings
of enemies, whom might leave provisions and weapons to the natives, and
could feed the guerrilla in the areas inland, as the latter opposed the
politics of conquest of the Romans. To reach a clearer understanding the
area was excavated, finding ceramic and stone materials and tools, which
proved the area was inhabited at different times. Since 1994, Nuraghe Mannu has been the
object of eight excavations driven by the Archaeological Superintendence
and undertaken by around 700 volunteers. The surveys and diggings of the
village and of the "nuraghe" have discovered findings which
date the first building phase of the village in the evolved phase of the
Middle Bronze Age (1500 b.c.). The most frequented phase, on the base of
the quantity of the recovered materials, had certainly been that of the
Recent and Final Bronze Age (1200-1000 b.c.). Among the ceramic
materials that enable us to diagnose a precise cultural period, other
objects and tools of daily use were recovered, such as stoves, river
pebbles used as pestles and burnishers; different millstones that attest
an intense cultivation of corn, grain, cereals, etc. In the proximity of
the excavations where "Nuragic" material was found, a Roman
building has been explored; this had been built above the remains of the
preexisting "nuragic" dwellings; in fact there is here a
dressed stone of trapezoidal form with three holes on the shortest side.
This type of stone "to notches" (“dentelli”) is typical of
the most recent typology of the so called "giants' tombs" the
use of which was named after the type of grave with the "stele
centinata" - high upright stone slab with round top - situated at
the center of the semicircular “esedra” - ceremonial area delimited
by upright stone slabs or walls in front of the tomb -, that delimited
the external cult area. In the building were found fragments of roof
tiles belonging to the original roof, fragments of cafeteria vases and
kitchen tools dating from the IV century a.c., fragments of glass, amber,
bronze nails. Among the ceramic materials large pieces of “pithoi”
- amphoras - were found which were used as containers for
food, wine, oil, etc. The excavations clearly show the remains
of a real city, whose history must be further explored, both by
extending the exploration to other buildings already delimited around
the "nuraghe", and by investigating the most ancient
underlying nuragic layers in order to understand any possible phases of
abandonment and re-use and above all to understand the causes that lead
to this. |
